STP基本概念的理解.docxVIP

STP基本概念 STP Definitions Bridge ID: bridge priority + MAC Address Bridge Priority: 0-65,535 (default is 32,768, increments of 4096) Port ID: port priority + port number Port Priority: 0-240 (default is 128, increments of 16) Path Cost: The cumulative cost of all links between the switch and the root bridge Root Bridge Selection STP exchange information by multicasting BPDUs frame every 2 seconds (by default). The Bridge-ID (priority + MAC address) is used by STP to determine the root bridge. If two switches have the same priority, then the one has lower MAC address will be the root bridge. STP Path Selection Spanning tree builds the tree structure attempting to use the fastest links it has available for the active paths. STP uses the following steps to select its paths: 1. Lowest root bridge ID (BIP) 2. Lowest path cost to the root (path cost is configurable on some type of switch/bridge) 3. Lowest sender bridge ID 4. Lowest sender port ID (PID) STP Convergence 1. Root bridge election Each VLAN elects one root bridge. All ports on the root bridge act as designated ports, which send and receive traffic as well as BPDUs. The bridge with the lowest priority becomes root. 2. Root ports are determined on all non-root bridges Each non-root bridge is assigned a single root port that sends and receives traffic. The root port is chosen based on the port with the lowest-cost path between the non-root bridge and the root bridge. If two paths are equal cost, the port with the lowest port ID (priority + port number) will win. 3. Designated port selection Each segment has a single designated port. Designated ports are chosen from on non-root ports that have the lowest path cost to the root bridge. In the event of a tie, the bridge ID acts as a tiebreaker (lowest wins). All ports on a root bridge are designated ports. STP Port Roles Root port On non-root bridges only Forwards traffic towards the root bridge Only one per switch Can populate t