现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态.ppt

* * * Present perfect tense 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态, 其结果的影响现在还存在; 也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词 现在完成时 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1) 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情, 强调动作; 现在完成时为过去发生的, 强调过去的事情对现在的影响, 强调的是影响。 2) 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用, 而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用, 或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week, …ago, in1980, in October, just now等, 皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, up to now, in the past … years,等, 皆不确定的时间状语。 3) 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态, 动词一般是延续性的, 如live, teach, learn, work, study, know。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 例如： I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响, 电影的内容已经知道了) He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) (错) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对) Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 1) It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分, 用现在完成时。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 用于现在完成时的句型 注意: It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2) This is +形容词最高级+that…结构, that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： 　This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 典型例题 1. ---Do you know our town at all?　---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was　 B. have been　 C. came　 D. am coming 2. ---Have you ___ been to our town before? 　---No, it's the first time I __ here. A. even, came　 B. even, am coming　　 C. ever, come　 D. ever, have come 注意: 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 (错) I have received his letter for a month. (对) I received this letter a month ago. (对) I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 比较since和for: since 用来说明动作起始时间, for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 如： 　I have lived here for more than twenty years. 　I have lived here since I was born. 注意: 并非有for 时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。　 I worked here for more than twenty years