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Paul Ashall, 2008 An Introduction to Pharmaceutical Chemical Process Technology Paul Ashall Aspects of Industrial Chemical Processes Products Types of process Flowsheets Mass balances Energy balances Heat transfer and heat exchangers Reactor design and operation Separation and purification processes Aspects of chemical processes cont. Process instrumentation and process control Materials handling Process economics Safety and environmental issues Quality etc Industrial Chemical Processes Chemical processes are used to produce chemical products and are by definition processes which include chemical transformation(s). Specific products produced by the chemical and pharmaceutical industry include: aspirin, ibuprofen, paracetamol, naproxen, labetalol, etc These active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are produced by chemical reactions involving organic chemicals (organic chemistry). Chemical processes cont. Route (materials, steps, operations etc) ‘Recipe’(materials, quantities, steps) Plant equipment (operations) Process operating conditions Many chemicals are mixed with other chemicals to produce formulations suitable for consumer use. These include consumer products such as paints, fragrances, pesticides and medicinal products. For example ibuprofen is the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the OTC product ‘Nurofen’, which contains other ingredients called excipients. Specific processes have been developed to produce specific chemicals. Particularly well established processes are given names. For example the process used to manufacture sulphuric acid is called the ‘Contact’ process. In some cases a chemical may be produced by more than one process. The chemical industry consists of many different sectors (or product groups), each with their own characteristics. For example pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fertilisers, petrochemicals, dyestuffs etc The type of chemical produced will determine the particular characteristics of the process (or processes) used to
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