计算机英语(课文内容翻译15分).docVIP

计算机英语课文内容翻译（15分） CHAPTER 1 1.1 We build computer to solve problems. Early computer solved mathematical and engineering problems , and later computers emphasized information processing for business applications. Today, computers also control machines as diverse as automobile engines, robots, and microwave ovens. A computer system solves a problem from any of these domains by accepting input, processing it, and producing output. Figure 1-1 illustrates the function of a computer system. Figure 1-2 shows these components in a block diagram. The lines between the blocks represent the flow of information flows from one component to another on the bus, which is simply a group of wires connecting the components. Processing occurs in the CPU and main memory. The organization in Figure 1-2, with the components connected to each other by the bus, is common. However, other configurations are possible as well. The classification just described is based on physical size as opposed to storage size. A computer system user is generally more concerned with storage size, because that is a more direct indication of the amount of useful work that the hardware can perform.Speed of computation is another characteristic that is important to the user. Generally speaking, users want a fast CPU and large amounts of storage, but a physically small machine for the I/O devices and main memory. 1.2 A processor is a functional unit that interprets and carries out instructions. Every processor comes with a unique set of operations such as ADD, STORE, or LOAD that represent the processor’s instruction set. Computer designers are fond of calling their computers machines, so the instruction set is sometimes referred to as machine instructions and the binary language in which they are written is called machine language! [1] You shouldn’t confuse the processor’s instruction set with the instructions found in high-level programming languages, such as BASIC or Pascal. The control u