8第八章 被动语态.pptVIP

第八讲 Passive vs. Active 被动与主动 教学重点： 1. 英汉被动结构的差异 2. 被动语态的翻译方法 被动与主动（Passive vs. Active） 英语常用被动语态 原因：1、施事的原因： 施事未知而难以言明 The murderer was caught yesterday, and it is said that he will be hanged. 施事从上下文中可以不言自明 She told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been assigned. 施事不如受事重要，或受事需要强调 Her only son was run over by a car. 由于特殊原因而不要指明施事 Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken. 原因：2、句法的要求： 为了使句子承上启下、前后连贯、便于衔接 Some kinds of plastics can be forced through machines which separate them into long, thin strings, called “fibres”, and these fibres can be made into cloth. 为了使句子平衡，保持末端中心和末端重量，以符合主语简短、谓语复杂的表达习惯 I was astonished that he was prepared to give me a job. 原因：3、文体的需要： 科技文体、新闻文体、公文文体、论述文体 汉语常用意义被动式(用主动形式表达被动意义) 原因：1、汉语被动式的使用受到限制： It was done. 这件事已做。 It was well done. 这件事做得好。 It was poorly done. 这件事做得不好。/这件事搞坏了。/这件事被弄坏了。/这件事给弄糟了。 “让、给、叫、挨、受、遭、蒙”，大多表达不如意或不企望 汉语常用主动形式表达英语的被动意义 Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought. 人的思想形成了语言，而语言又影响了人的思想。 Not only politeness but an attitude of reverence is demanded in church. 在教堂里，人们不仅要有礼貌，而且应该有一种虔诚的态度。 2、使用受事主语导致大量的“当然被动句” 昨晚我盖了两条被子。 Last night I was covered up with two quilts. 一匹马骑两个人。 Two persons rode one horse. 3、当不需要或不可能说出施事者的时候，汉语可以采用无主句或主语省略句来保持句子的主动形式 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be manufactured. 4、当施事者难以指明时，汉语还可以采用通称或泛称(如“人”、“有人”、“人们”、“人家”、“别人”、“某人”等)作主语，以保持句子的主动形式。 It is said that …有人说，据说，据云 Voices were heard calling for help. 有人听见呼救的声音。 5、当不便使用被动式时，汉语可采用某些转换式来表达被动意义。 ①“把字式”或“将字式” 风把树刮倒了。 The wind blew down the tree. These questions should not be confused. 不要把这些问题混在一起。 ②“为…所”或“被…所”式 她被花言巧语所陶醉。 She is intoxicated with sweet words. ③“是…的”式 这些产品是我国制造的。 These products are made in our country. ④“…的是”式 推荐我的是一位教授。 I was recommended by a professor. ⑤“…加以/予以”式 这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。 This problem will be discussed in the next chapter. Ⅰ. The Passive Voice in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译中的被动语态 1、Convertin