虚拟语气的特殊用法.pdf

虚拟语气的特殊用法 江苏省郑集高级中学 李博雅 一．在动词 suggest(提议 ,提出 ,建议 ), advise(劝告 ,忠告 ), order( 命令 ,下令 ,吩咐 ), demand(要求 ), propose(提议 ), require( 要求 ), insist( 坚持 , 坚决主张 ), command( 命令 ), request(请求 , 恳求 ), desire(请求 ), prefer( 提出 )等动词后的宾语从句的谓语，这些词的过去分词作表语时主语从 句的谓语，以及这些词的名词同位语从句、作主语时的表语从句的谓语常用“ should + 动 词原形”构成的虚拟语气 , should 可以省略。如： 1. The man demanded that Tom (should) apologize . 2. He insisted that we ( should) take up the matter at the meeting. 3. I requested that he (should) use his influence on my behalf. 4. The general ordered the soldiers ( should ) cross the river at once. （宾语从句） = The general ’s order was that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once. （表语从句） = It was ordered that the soldiers ( should) cross the river at once. （主语从句） = The general gave the order that the soldiers ( should ) cross the river at once. （同位语从句） 5. I suggest that he (should) be careful. （宾语从句） = My suggestion is that he ( should) be careful. （表语从句） = It is suggested that he (should) be careful. （主语从句） = I gave him the suggestion that he ( should) be careful. （同位语从句） 二．在动词 wish 后的宾语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，现在或将来的动作用过去式 ( 常含有情态 动词 could 或 would) ；过去的动作用过去完成式。 wish 用过去式，从句中与 wished 同时 发生的动作或在将来发生的动作仍用过去式 (也常含有情态动词 could 或 would) ；在 wished 之前发生的动作用过去完成式。如： 1. How I wish I could fly to the moon. 2. He wishes I had come yesterday. 3. I wished he could come to give me a hand. 4. We wished he had received the news two days earlier. 三．在以 in order that, so that 引导的状语从句中， 谓语常用 “may, might, can, could, will, would, should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。有时也可用“ should + 动词原形” ，特别是从句为