Module 10 外研版英语九（上）模块语法详解与训练.docVIP

PAGE 3 PAGE 3 外研版英语九（上）Module 10模块语法详解与训练 模块语法详解 that引导的定语从句 1. 概述：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。其结构为：先行词+关系词+句子。如： I like the book (that/which) you bought yesterday. 我喜欢你昨天买的书。 I love singers that/who write their own music. 我喜欢写自己的音乐的作家。 2. 关系词：关系词指代先行词，放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的某一成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。关系词的分类：关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两大类，关系代词主要有who，whom，that，which，whose等；关系副词主要有when，where，why等。关系词由先行词决定：先行词指物时，用关系代词that或which；先行词指人，用关系代词who (主/宾格)，that或whom（宾格）。关系代词who / that/which的作用：①做代词，代替先行词；②在从句中担任句子成分：主语或宾语；③做连词，把主句和从句连接起来。如： I lost the pen which/that my father bought me. 我丢失了我爸爸买给我的笔。 The man who/ whom/ that he described just now is a famous writer. 他刚刚描述的那个男人是一位著名的作家。 3. that引导的定语从句：that引导的定语从句既可修饰无生命的东西，也可修饰有生命的动物或人；that在句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时that可省略。指人时相当于who，指物时相当于which。如： A doctor is a person that looks after people’s health. 医生是照看人们健康的人。(that指人，作主语) She got a computer (that) her parents bought for her. 她得到了她父母为她买的电脑。(that指物，作宾语) 4. 定语从句的主谓一致：定语从句的谓语动词和定语从句的主语保持人称和数的一致；故当关系代词that等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致。如： Do you know the man that is smoking？你认识正在吸烟的那个人吗？ Do you know the men that are smoking？你认识正在吸烟的那些人吗？ The boy that plays basketball well is my brother. 篮球打得很好的那个男孩是我哥哥。 I, who am your friend, hope to see you every day. 我是你的朋友，希望每天都能见到你。 He is the (only) one of the students who works hard. 他是(唯一)一个努力学习的学生之一。 5. 定语从句的关系代词只用that的五种情况： （1）当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。如： This is the first letter that I’ve received. 这是我收到的第一封信。 It’s the most interesting place that I have visited. 这是我去过的最有趣的地方。 （2）当先行词被 the very, the only, the last, few, little, all, much等修饰时。如： There isn’t much (that) I can do. 我能做的不多。 This is the very dictionary (that) I want to buy. 这正是我想买的那本字典。 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner (that) he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。 （3）当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, much, little, few, none等不定代词时。如： Is there anything that you don’t understand? 你还有什么不明白的吗？ You can do everything that you like to do. 你可以做你喜欢做的一切。 I want to read all the books