BIOMASS GASIFICATION-EPA 生物质能与气化_图文.doc

Smart Energy Resources Guide EPA/600/R-08/049 March 2008 Smart Energy Resources Guide Prepared By Jennifer Wang for Penny McDaniel, Superfund Project Manager Michael Gill, Hazardous Substance Technical Liaison Superfund Division Region 9 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency San Francisco, CA 94105 Steven Rock Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 Chapter 7 Table of Contents 7.1 Gasifier Terminology 7.2 Gasifier Technology Basics 7.3 Gasifier System and Energy Generation 7.4 Assessing Biomass Gasifier Project Potential 7.5 Emissions Reductions, Capital Cost, Permits, Involved Parties and Partnerships 7.6 Success Story CHAPTER 7: BIOMASS GASIFICATION Biomass such as manure, crop residue, and other agricultural wastes may be gasified to produce electricity. Instead of relying on biological processes as in anaerobic digestion, gasification is the process of heating material in a chamber at carefully controlled temperature, pressure, and moisture levels to produce high energy syngas. Syngas consists of CO and H 2, which can be used to generate electricity. Cleanup sites that have access to biomass may consider gasification to provide power. Gasifier projects require high capital costs as well as regular maintenance to restock biomass and dispose byproducts. While biomass gasification is not strongly established, many companies are emerging to develop this technology. 7.1 GASIFIER TERMINOLOGY 185 The following are some gasifier terms and definitions. Char A combustible residue of carbonaceous feedstock. Feedstock A raw material used in the manufacture of a product. In the case of gasification, biomass feedstock could include agricultural residues or manure. Gasification Conversion of low-value carboniferous feedstocks to higher-value gaseous fuels. Gasifier Main component of a gasification system, which converts a sol