清·曹庭栋《琴学·内外篇》初研.pdf

中文摘要 曹庭栋所著的《琴学·内外篇》阐述了其对琴律、琴调等内容的认识和理解， 并提出了与之相关的两个新理论。对于这两个新理论的产生，可能是受到了当时 “实学”思潮的影响及 “准法”已在琴上被广泛运用所致。新理论之一是用于指 导琴调的“十六律”理论，该理论意在使十二律各自为宫的情况下，可构成完整 的五声音阶。另一个新理论是用于琴律的“三节之降杀”理论，指导了按音与泛 音的不同律位体系。其中，按音律位呈现出了“固定调”与“首调”相结合的情 况。曹庭栋《琴学·内外篇》讨论了一些声学内容，如对定徽法、异径弦律、律 管发声原理与管口校正等问题进行了阐述。 本文望论述清《琴学·内外篇》中表达的琴律、琴调等成果，对其理论做出 详细真实的阐明，并在各位前辈研究成果与理论的基础上挖掘曹庭栋《琴学·内 外篇》所蕴含的价值与意义，同样对《琴学 ·内外篇》在清代琴律学的地位及意 义有一定的认识，为清代乐律学研究提供绵薄之力。 关键词 琴调 律位 管口校正 异径弦律 徽位产生法 Abstract Cao Tingdong's“Studies of Guqin, inner and outer chapters”, combined his knowledge and understanding of Melody of Qin, and tunes, and then proposed two new theories. Regarding the background of the two new theories, the author believes that it may be due to the widespread use of "practical" thoughts and " accurate" on the Guqin at that time. One of the new theories is the "Sixteen Rhythms" theory used to guide qin tunes, which is intended to form a complete pentatonic scale in the case where the twelve laws are in separate palace. Another new theory is the "Three Section Killing" theory used in qin tempo, which guides the different temperament systems of accent and overtone. Among them, the combination of "fixed tone" and "first tone" is presented according to the temperament. Cao Tingdong's "Studies of Guqin· inner and outer chapters" discusses some acoustic contents, such as the problems of the fixed emblem method, the different -diameter melody, the vocalism principle of the pitch pipe and the correction of the nozzle. This article hopes to expound the outcomes of Melody of Qin, tunes, etc, in the “Studies of Guqin, inner and outer chapters” and make a detailed and true exposition of his theory, and explore the value and significance of Cao Tingdong's “Studies of Guqin, inner and outer chapters” based on the research results and theories of predecessors. S