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NIH Public Access
Author Manuscript
Annu Rev Immunol . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 February 03.
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Published in final edited form as:
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Annu Rev Immunol . 2010 ; 28: 321–342. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101311.
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The sterile inflammatory response
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h 1 2 1 1
o Kenneth L. Rock , Eicke Latz , Fernando Ontiveros , and Hajime Kono
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1Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
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u Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester,
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c MA 01655
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Abstract
The acute inflammatory response is a double-edged sword. On the one hand it plays a key role in
initial host defense particularly against many infections. On the other hand its aim is imprecise and
as a consequence, when it is drawn into battle, it can cause collateral damage in tissues. In
situations where the inciting stimulus is sterile, the cost-benefit ratio may be high; because of this,
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I sterile inflammation underlies the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. While there have been
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- major advances in our understanding of how microbes trigger inflammation, much less has been
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A learned about this process in sterile situations. This review focuses on a subset of the many sterile
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stimuli that can induce inflammation – specifically dead cells and a variety of irritant particles,
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h including crystals, minerals, and protein aggregates. Although this subset of stimuli is str
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