基础光学(赵凯华版)课件Chap3_Interference.pptVIP

1 第3章 光的干涉 §3.1 波的叠加和干涉 (book3.1)   我们将会学到 平面波的表示  波的叠加原理  干涉公式 2     E   Solution: E  x, t   E0 cos  kx  t    B  x, t   B0 cos  kx  t        Aei  t x, t 一维平面波  E t     E  0     B  0  B t     B  0 0 平面波(Plane Wave)是自由空间电 磁波的一基元成分     在标量波近似下(例如各向同性介 质中的旁轴条件)，且取exp(-wt) :   x, t   A cos  kx  t      x, t   A sin  kx  t    kx  phase :   kx  t   3  r , t   Ae i k r t  k  r  k x x  k y y  k z z 3D Plane waves: Cartesian coordinates       i k x x  k y y  k z z t  x, y, z, t   Ae Wave eq-ns in Cartesian coordinates:  x, y, z, t   Aei k x  y z t  , ,  - direction cosines of k  k  k x2  k y2  k z2  2   2   2  1 Importance of plane waves: • easy to generate using any harmonic generator • any 3D wave can be expressed as superposition of plane waves4 x   A sinkx  t  Harmonic wave: Phase Can use cos():  x, t   A sinkx  t   x, t   A coskx  t   2 equivalent equations x Special case: = = 180o phase shift  x, t   A sinkx  t     x, t   A sint  kx   x, t   A cost  kx   / 2 Note: sin(kx-t) and sin(t-kx) both describe wave moving right, but phase-shifted by 180 degrees (). 5 6 The superposition principle 波的叠加原理：在两列或多列波的交叠区域内，每点的振动 等于各列波在该点振动的代数和。 Superposition principle: the resulting disturbance at each point in the region of overlap of two or more waves is the algebraic sum of the individual constituent waves at that location. Note: once waves pass the intersecting region they will move away unaffected by encounter (光的独立传播原理) 7 The superposition principle: example Note: the resulting wave is still a harmonic wave (the same k) 8 The superposition principle: special cases Two waves are ‘in-phase’: (同相)  1  A1 sin  kx  t   2  A2 sin  kx  t 