材料导论 (31)材料导论材料导论.pdf

Video 1: What is a polymer ? Today I will introduce what a polymer is. Polymers are everywhere. They are all around us in everyday use. You can easily find them in your surroundings, no matter they are natural or synthetic. For example, the rubber used in tire of car, the plastic used in bottles, eyeglasses and cell phone cases. 今天给大家介绍-聚合物这一概念。 聚合物无处不在，我们周围聚合物随处可见。聚合物可以是天然的，也可以是合成的。 例如：汽车轮胎上用的橡胶，制备饮料瓶、眼镜和手机壳用的塑料等，都是聚合物。 You may know the widely used plastics are polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene. Every day, you wear a shirt, jacket or coat. Your clothes are made from fibers, maybe a type of natural fiber, such as silk or cotton fiber, maybe a kind of synthetic fiber, usually a Viscose fiber or Rayon, or polyester fiber. You can check the tags attached in your clothes and find the main ingredients of the fiber for your clothes. We can say that our life is based on polymers. 关于聚合物，你肯定知道广泛应用的塑料：聚乙烯, 聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯。 生活中，您穿的衣服布料是各种纤维织成的，这些纤维可以是天然纤维，如丝、棉纤 维等，衣用纤维也可以是黏胶、聚酯等合成纤维，您可在衣服标签上看到衣料组成。 可以说，我们的生活离不开聚合物。 In fact, you are so familiar with polymers. But, do you really know what a polymer is? The word polymer is derived from classical Greek words: poly and meres. Poly means “many” and meres means “parts or segments.” That’s to say, a polymer contains many, many parts or segments. 聚合物polymer 这个词源于古希腊语poly 和meres ，poly 意思是很多，meres 的意思 是部分，这就说明聚合物包含很多部分。 Academically, a polymer is made up of many small molecular units. We call the small molecular units monomer. The word monomer is also come from classical Greek words: mono and meres. It means one part. 聚合物是有许多小分子单元结构或单体组成的。单体一词也来源于古希腊语mono and meres.意指“一个部分” 。 If many monomers are linked together, a long, chainlike molecule, a polymer is formed. Compared with the common small molecules, the size of the long chain is extremely large, is very large. Thousands of small molecular units may be included in the chain. So, a polymer is also called a macro-molecule. Thus, w