常用GPS高程拟合方法对比与分析.docVIP

摘要 GPS定位技术的应用带来了测量方法的历史性变革.但是利用GPS定位技术测定的GPS高程是基于WGS-84参考椭球的大地高,而工程中所釆用的高程一般是基于似大地水准面的正常高,所以GPS技术提供的高程还不能直接应用到工程实践中，需要进行高程转换，把GPS所测的大地髙转化实用的正常高有着非常重要的现实意义,也是目前GPS研究領域的一个热点问题，GPS高程拟合是进行GPS 高程转换常用的方法. 首先论文介绍了GPS髙程测量相关的一些问题.包括大地水准面与正高.似大地水准面与正常高、参考椭球面与大地高的概念.GPS高程测量的原理，影响GPS高程测精度的因素和GPS髙程的精度评定指标，以及研究了应用中经常用到的高程拟合方法，等值线图示法、多项式曲线拟合法、三次样条曲线拟合法、多项式曲面拟合法、多面函数曲面拟合法、地球重力场模型拟合法等。 最后用多项式曲面拟合法的两种数学模型对实验区的部分GPS数据进行了拟合，并对其拟合结果进行了分析与比较得出了如下结论：首先高程异常具有地区性，因此高程拟合模型应根据研究区域的特征来选择；其次采用同样的拟合方法，起算点数量越多，分布越均匀，分布于网中的位置越合理，则拟合精度越高；最后在应用高程拟合时，也可以通过提高GPS观测精度和水准测量精度来提高GPS拟合精度。 关键词：GPS高程 高程精度 高程拟合 Abstract GPS positioning technology has brought historic changes in measurement methods. However, GPS elevation measured by GPS technology is geodetic height based on WGS-84 reference ellipsoid, elevation used in the project is normal height base on Quasi-Geoids, Therefore, the elevation provided by GPS technology can not be directly applied to engineering practice, requires elevation conversion, converting geodetic height measured by GPS technology to practical normal height has a very important practical significance, is also a hot research field of GPS presently. GPS Height Fitting is commonly used method of conversion of GPS elevation. It firstly introduced GPS leveling of relevant to some problems include the geodetic height, geoid and orthometric height, quasigeoid and normal high concept, GPS height measurement of principle, affect the accuracy of the GPS leveling factors and the accuracy of GPS elevation evaluation index, and often used in the application of elevation lining methods: Isoline the law. Polynomial curve is legal. Three spline curve is legal, Polynomial surface is legal. More surface function surface lining legal. The earths gravity field model is legal and so on. Finally with polynomial surface is legal experimental area plant on the part of data tilling, and the fitting results are analyzed and compared draw some conclusions are as follows: First the abnormal height has regiona