地震简介英文.docVIP

An earthquake (also known as a quake) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earths crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. 地震（也称为地震，地震或地震）是一个突然释放的能量在地球的地壳地震波产生的结果。地震活动，地震或地震活动面积是指频率，类型和在一段时间内经历了地震的大小。 There are three main types of fault, all of which may cause an interplate earthquake: normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip. Normal and reverse faulting are examples of dip-slip, where the displacement along the fault is in the direction of dip and movement on them involves a vertical component. Normal faults occur mainly in areas where the crust is being extended such as a divergent boundary. Reverse faults occur in areas where the crust is being shortened such as at a convergent boundary. Strike-slip faults are steep structures where the two sides of the fault slip horizontally past each other; transform boundaries are a particular type of strike-slip fault. Many earthquakes are caused by movement on faults that have components of both dip-slip and strike-slip; this is known as oblique slip. 有故障的三种主要类型，所有这些都可能导致板内地震：正常，反（逆）和走滑。正常和逆冲断层倾滑的例子，在沿断层的位移是倾斜的运动方向上包括一个垂直分量。正常的故障主要发生在区域地壳被扩展，如发散边界。逆断层发生的地区，地壳缩短如在会聚边界。走滑断层陡构造，断层两侧水平过去彼此；变换边界是一种特定类型的走滑断层。许多地震是由具有倾滑和走滑断层的运动引起的成分；这被称为斜滑。 The earth is divided into?three layers:?the center layer is?the core,?the middle?is the?outer layer of the crust?mantle.?The mean radius of the earth is?about 6370 km,?the crustal thickness?is about 35 kilometers,?the most?destructive?earthquake occurred?in the earths crust.?But?the earthquake not only?occurred in the crust,?may also occur in?the asthenosphere.?According to the seismic?section?determination of?deep earthquakes?generally occur in the?underground 300-700?km.?So far,?the deepest known?source is?720 kilometers.?From this point of view,?the traditional plates the formation fracture?theory?can not?reasonably explain the deep earthquak