商务英语 开发客户 6.Market-Structure.ppt

Leading Forces in the Petroleum Market OPEC International Energy Agency the United States European countries and Japan Non-OPEC countries Multinational petroleum consortia Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC has been playing an important role in the international petroleum market. This is because: 1.OPEC used to own over 75% petroleum reserves in the world and still owns 50% petroleum reserves . It is the chief petroleum supplier in the world market. 2.Although its production takes up only 40% of the world production and its trade 60% of the total volume in the world trade, it has the ability to exercise control over the world petroleum market. But its ability also depends on other forces and its own unity. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY autonomous body which was established in November 1974 within the framework of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to implement an international energy program. It carries out a comprehensive program of energy co-operation among twenty-six of the OECD’s thirty Member countries. The basic aims of the IEA are: to maintain and improve systems for coping with oil supply disruptions; to promote national energy policies in a global context through co-operative relations with nonmember countries, industry and international organizations; to operate a permanent information system on the international oil market; to improve the world’s energy supply and demand structure by developing alternative energy sources and increasing the efficiency of energy use; ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATIONAND DEVELOPMENT to assist in the integration of environmental and energy policies. to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; and to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The United States The United States has been the most co