现在分词优选.docVIP

现在分词 一、现在分词的定义 现在分词是动词的另一种非限定形式。 它兼有动词、 副词和形容词的特征， 可以带宾语或受 状语修饰。现在分词和宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。 二、现在分词的基本形式 现在分词由动词原形加词尾 -ing 构成。 现在分词有一般式和完成式， 及物动词的现在分词有 主动态和被动态。其形式如下： （以动词 write,go 为例） 现在分词 及物动词（ write ） 不及物动词（ go） 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 一般式 writing being written going 完成式 having written having been written having gone 注意：现在分词的否定形式： not 放在分词的前面，构成“ not + 分词”结构。 三、现在分词的句法功能 现在分词在句中可以作定语、表语、补足语和状语。 1. 作定语 a burning candle 一只燃烧的蜡烛 a moving report 一场动人的报告 the teacher teaching physics 教物理的老师 注意：（1）单个的现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面； 现在分词短语作定语通常放在 被修饰词的后面。 This is a very interesting book. The girl standing there is our English teacher. (2 ) 及物动词的现在分词一般含有主动的意义。不及物动词作谓语没有被动语态，其 现在分词通常不表示主动的概念，而是强调动作正在进行 . The boy standing under the tree is a classmate of mine. = The boy who is standing under the tree is a classmate of mine. The girl playing the piano every day teaches himself English. =The girl who plays the piano every day teaches himself English. (3) 现在分词短语作定语时， 所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作， 也不可以表示将来。 另外，一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，所以，下列句子都是错的： Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. ( 应改为 who has come from Beijing) Those having finished their work can go home now. ( 应改为 who have finished) The man giving us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning. ( 应改为 who gave us) (4) 系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示，如： Those being busy don ’t have t应o g改o为. ( Those who are busy don ’t have to go.) His brother being a PLA man is 18 years old. ( 应改为 who is) 2. 作表语 现在分词作表语时，多表示主语所具有的特征。一般接在连系动词 be﹑get﹑become﹑ look﹑sound﹑feel﹑keep﹑remain﹑seem﹑appear 等后面。 The story sounds moving. The question is puzzling. 这个问题不好解答。 现在分词作表语，常见的有： interesting, moving, disappointing, encouraging, exciting, frightening, pleasing, puzzling, surprising, tiring ，amazing, boring, discouraging 等。 1 3.作补足语 现在分词常可用在 see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, have 等后面作宾语不足语。 Someone saw the little boy playing by the river. 有人看见这男孩在河边玩。 They have kept me waiting for a long time. 他们让我等了很长时间。 I caught him reading a novel in class. 我发现他在上课时看小说。 上面句子结构变为被动语态时， 原来的