第十二讲副词与副词词组.pptVIP

The Twelfth Lesson: Adverbs ﹠ its Phrases 第十二讲：副词和副词词组 * * 副词，按词的构成，分为简单副词（Simple Adverb）和派生副词（Derivative Adverb）。绝大多数的副词都是派生词，即由形容词加后缀 –ly 构成，如careful / carefully, angry / angrily, recent / recently, 等。当然也有少数副词是由单词素构成，这些副词与形容词同形，如early, late, fast, hard 等。 副词，按其词汇意义，又可分为方式副词（Adverb of Manner）,如 angrily, rudely, politely, warmly, slowly 等; 程度副词（Adverb of Degree）,如almost, awfully, hardly, considerably, much, scarcely, completely, (a) little 等；时间副词（Adverb of Time）,如 already, before, late, finally, immediately, recently, yesterday, today, shortly, soon等; 频度副词（Adverb of Frequency）,如constantly, frequently, hardly ever, never, rarely, seldom, scarcely ever, usually 等; 地点副词(Adverb of Place), 如 above, below, up, down, there, upstairs, anywhere, everywhere, 等; 连接副词（Conjunctive Adverb），如therefore，however，moreover，thus；解说副词（Explanatory Adverb），如as，namely等。 1.副词和副词词组的主要用法 2. 兼有两种形式的副词 （1）副词在词组中作修饰语 副词能在动词词组、形容词词组、副词词组、介词词组等词组中修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词、限定词，以及修饰整个名词词组。 a）修饰动词 I entirely agree with her. I rather like him. She kind of hoped to be invited. I sort of thought you might say that. 这里的entirely，rather，kind of，sort of都是一些程度副词，对随后的动词起强调、强化、弱化等修饰作用。它们是动词词组的组成部分，从而不同于状语（Adverbial）。副词在作形容词、副词、介词等修饰语时，也都是词组成分，而不是分句成分（Clause Element）。 b）修饰形容词 He had an unusually deep voice（深沉有力的嗓音）. Two men were in the street, one of whom seemed slightly familiar. I was that hungry I could have eaten a horse. c）修饰副词 He drives extremely carefully. Do it right now. 副词的上述用法都作前置修饰语，只有enough例外，作后置修饰语： She cooks well enough. He didn’t run fast enough. d）修饰介词和连词 少数几个副词（如well，right，just，soon等）也可用于修饰介词： I can’t reach it; it’s well（远远地）over my head. There’s the house, right in front of you. His parents are dead（完全地）against the trip. e）修饰限定词 某些程度副词可作前置修饰语修饰限定词。例如： We walked about 5 miles. There were quite a lot of people at Louis’s party. They recovered roughly（大约）half their equipment. I didn’t have more than a dollar on me. 类似的用法还有exactly the same，much the same等。