《英语词汇学》复习资料.pdfVIP

自考《英语词汇学》复习资料 第一章 1. Word —— A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. 2. There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary and conventional. E.g. ―woman ‖ means ’ Frau，’’ in GermanFemme’ in French and ’ Funv ’ in Chinese. On the other hand， the same sound /rait/ can mean right ， rite and write ， though denoting different things ， yet have the same sound. 3. The difference between sound and form result from 4 major factors. （At least 80%of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns ） a）. the internal reason is English alphabet does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language. b）. Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling c）. Influence of the work of scribes/printing freezes the spelling of words in 1500 d）. Borrowing of foreign language 4. V ocabulary —— Vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect ， a given book ， a given subject and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history. The general estimate of the present day English vocabulary is over 1 million words. 5.Classification of Words — by use frequency ， by notion ， by origin 1）. Basic word stock – the foundation of the vocabulary. 1. all national character （most important ） – natural phenomena most common things and phenomena of the human body and relations world around us names of plants and animals action ， size， domain ， state numerals， pronouns， prep. ，conj. 2. stability – they donate the commonest thing necessary to life