无机非金属材料工程专业英语 .pptxVIP

Chapter 7Deformation and strengthening mechanismsWhy study deformation and strengthening mechanism?Most of metallic products are produced through deforming the metal somehow to obtain desired shape, size and strength. But what factors would influence the process of deformation?You may have an experience that an iron wire will get tougher and it will break finally when it is bended for times. Do you know why?Study on deformation and strengthening mechanism will help us use and develop materials better.What should you be able to do after studying this chapter?Describe dislocation motion from an atom’s perspective.Understand the relationships between dislocation motion and plastic deformation of metallic materials.Define slip system and explain the influence of slip system on the deformability of materials.Explain mechanism of grain boundary strengthening, solid-solution strengthening, strain hardening.Describe recovery and recrystllization in terms of both the alternation of microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the material.Important terms and concepts:Cold working冷加工Critical resolved shear stress 临界分剪切应力Dislocation density位错密度Grain growth晶粒生长Lattice strain晶格应变Recovery回复Recrystallization temperature 再结晶温度Resolved shear stress分剪切应力Slip滑移Slip system滑移系Recrystallization再结晶solid-solution strengthening固溶强化strain hardening应变强化strengthening by grain size reduction 细晶强化annealing 退火temper 回火quench 淬火ageing 时效 natural ageing自然时效artifical ageing人工时效dislocation multiplication位错繁殖misorientation 位相差异equiaxed grains 等轴晶粒elongated grains 拉长晶粒strain field 应变场Stress field 应力场Key knowledge points:Deformations mechanisms for metals1. Historical: 1930s, theory and actually measured discrepancy in mechanical strengths 1950s, dislocation be examined by electron microscope2. Basic concepts of dislocationsPlastic deformation corresponds to the motion of large numbers of dislocations. An edge dislocation moves in response to a shear stress applied in