希腊哲学与艺术.pptxVIP

Lesson 4;Ⅴ.Greek Philosophy;1. The origin of Greek philosphy The ancient Greeks were curious about many things, including what made the universe. They had the spirit of free enquiry and were quite ready to drop established ideas, to speculate, to use their imagination and to form their own conclusions. They were also not afraid to speak their minds. ;2. Definition of philosophy and its division Philosophy, Western (Greek philosophia,”love of wisdom”), the rational and critical inquiry into basic principles. Philosophy is often divided into four main branches: metaphysics(形而上学), the investigation of ultimate reality; epistemology(认识论), the study of the origins, validity, and limits of knowledge; ethics(伦理学), the study of the nature of morality and judgment; and aesthetics(美学), the study of the nature of beauty in the fine arts. The two distinctively philosophical types of inquiry are analytic philosophy, which is the logical study of concepts, and synthetic philosophy, which is the arrangement of concepts into a unified system;;3. The influence of Greek philosophy Greek Philosophy, body of philosophical concepts developed by the Greeks, particularly during the flowering of Greek civilization between 600 and 200 bc. Greek philosophy formed the basis of all later philosophical speculation in the Western world. The intuitive hypotheses of the ancient Greeks foreshadowed many theories of modern science, and many of the moral ideas of pagan Greek philosophers have been incorporated into Christian moral doctrine. The political ideas set forth by Greek thinkers influenced political leaders as different as the framers of the U.S. Constitution and the founders of various 20th-century totalitarian states.;4.Major Greek philosophers and their thoughts;;3) Democritus 德谟克利特 Greek philosopher, who developed the atomic theory of the universe. Atoms are the smallest particles of a chemical element that still exhibit all the chemical properties unique to that element. ;4) Socrates