上海海事大学国航国际贸易实务名词解释.docxVIP

国际贸易实务名词解释 海上风险： Perils of the sea Perils refers to risks which occur at sea, or at the place where the ocean and land, or the ocean and the inland river, or the ocean and the lighter are connected. The ordinary actions of the winds and waves are not included. Perils of the sea usually include Natural Calamities and Accidents. 外来风险： Extraneous Risks It means the perils caused by other reasons except marine perils. It falls into types: General extraneous risks and Special extraneous risks. 施救费用： Sue Labor Expense It refers to the responsibility of the assured to act to keep his insured loss at a minimum. When the insured cargo suffers natural calamities or fortuitous accidents within the scope of insurance cover, the insured or his agent or any employees pays the expenses caused in saving the insured cargo in order to prevent the losses from further expanding. These charges shall be covered by the insurer. 救助费用： Salvage Charges It refers to compensation paid for the rescue of a ship, its cargo or passengers from a loss at sea. When the insured cargo suffers a natural calamity or an accident within the scope of insurance cover, the third party who has no contracted relations with the insured and the insurer salvages the cargo successfully. According to the relative laws, existing in the world, the insurer shall pay to the salver. The principle of “no cure-no pay ”is often adopted. 实际全损： Actual Total Loss It means that the insured goods are totally suffered from loss or deteriorated, or the goods cannot be restored after being damaged. It may also refer to the fact that the title of goods cannot be owned by the insurant or the vessel has missed for quite a long time (half year for example) and with no information. 推定全损： Constructive Total Loss It is an insurance loss where the expense of recovering or repairing the insured goods would exceed their value after this expenditure had been incurred. 单独海损： Particular Average It means that a particular cargo is damaged by any