《基础医学各论II》课件：内分泌系统生理-下丘脑和垂体.pdfVIP

Endocrine Physiology Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland 下丘脑与垂体 Huawei Liang, PhD E-mail: liang.huawei@ Anatomy of the hypothalamus the pituitary gland • Hypothalamus – anterior pituitary: Hypophyseal portal system (垂体门脉系统) • Hypothalamus – posterior pituitary: Hypothalamohypophyseal tract (下丘脑垂体束) • Hypophysiotrophic area – Peptidergic neurons • Hypothalamic regulatory peptides (下丘脑调节肽) – Releasing H – Release-inhibiting H • Hypothalamic regulatory peptide: 9 types – Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) – Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) – Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) – Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) – Prolactin releasing factor (PRF) – Growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone (GHRIH; somatostatin, SS) – Prolactin release-inhibiting hormone (PIH, DA) – Melanophore-stimulating hormone releasing factor (MRF) – Melanophore-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor (MIF) • Supraoptic nucleus • Paraventricular nucleus Regulation of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones • Short loop – influence of hypothalamus by an anterior pituitary hormone • Long loop – inhibition of anterior pituitary and/or hypothalamus by hormone secreted by third endocrine gland Growth Hormone (GH) 生长激素 • Also named somatotropin, circulating in two forms (22-kDa 20-kDa) with similar biologic activity • Produced by acidophilic cells of anterior pituitary • Secreted in pulsatile fashion • Promotes growth of body tissues by increasing the size numbers of cells • Homologous with prolactin (催乳素) and human placenta lactogen (hPL) • Occurs in episodic