清华大学有机化学李艳梅老师chapteralcoholandphenolfinal.pptxVIP

Chapter 10Alcohols and phenols第十章 醇与酚Organic Chemistry A (1)By Prof. Li Yan-MeiTsinghua University醇（Alcohol）酚（Phenol）Content Part I Alcohols 10.1 Structure, isomerization, classification and nomenclature 10.2 Physical and spectroscopic properties 10.3 Monobasic/Monohydroxyl alcohol 10.4 Polybasic alcohol 10.5 Preparation of alcohol 10.6 Sources and usagesPart II Phenol/Hydroxybenzene 10.7 Structure and nomenclature 10.8 Physical and spectroscopic properties 10.9 Chemical reactions 10.10 Preparations 10.11 Sources and usagesPart IAlcohols第一部分 醇 10.1 Structure, isomerization, classification and nomenclature 10.1.1 Structure 10.1.2 Isomerization 10.1.3 Classification 10.1.4 Nomenclature108.5o 10.1.1 Structure结构sp3 hybridizationμ ≈ 2DVery close to waterMany alcohols completely miscible with waterCarbon chain isomerizationFuctional group isomerization10.1.2 Isomerization异构官能团异构碳架异构Position isomerization位置异构10.1.3 Classification分类 根据羟基数目：一元醇 二元醇 三元醇 根据所连的碳原子不同：一级醇（伯醇） 二级醇（仲醇） 三级醇（叔醇） 根据所含碳原子数目： C4C5 ~ C11 C12低级醇 中级醇 高级醇2-pentanol10.1.4 Nomenclature命名315241 Deciding the longest chain to which the hydroxyl group is attached32 Write down the name. Decide the serial number for all carbon atoms.10.2 Physical and spectroscopic properties10.2.1 Physical propertiesInter molecular hydrogen bondBoiling pointMelting point分子间氢键导致熔点、沸点较高Simple alcohols completely miscible with water与水形成氢键低级醇一般与水任意混溶Simple alcohols may form co-crystals with inorganic salts.低级醇与一些无机盐（如：MgCl2、CaCl2、CuSO4等）形成结晶状的分子化合物 － 结晶醇（醇化物）MgCl2, CuSO4 ……MgCl2· 6 CH3OHCaCl2· 4 C2H5OHCaCl2· 4 CH3OH用途：除去有机溶剂中少量的醇 将醇与其它有机物分开危害：不可用MgCl2、CaCl2、CuSO4等来干燥低级醇ν(O-H)ν(C-O)3640cm-11050cm-13630cm-11100cm-13620cm-11150cm-110.2.1 SpectrometryIRin inter molecular hydrogen bonding systemsν(O-H)3550~3450cm-1ν(O-H)3400~3200cm-1in intra molecular hydrogen bonding systemsν(-OH)3600~3500cm-1ν(-OH)3200~3500cm-1ν(-OH)3400~3200