小学英语语法之动词.docxVIP

易之源教育 LUCY讲义 小学英语语法之 动词 动词的意义：动词时表示动作或者状态的词。 动词的分类： 实义动词 又称行为动词，能够独立作谓语。 We love animals very much. The sun sets in the west. 分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词之后可以直接接宾语，而不及物动词后不可接宾语。 I like reading books very much. The sun goes up. 连系动词：即为系动词，不能够单独作谓语，必须和名词、形容词等一起使用作句子的谓语。 表状态的连系动词: be, look, smell, sound, feel, keep I don’t feel well today. The garden looks very beautiful. 表转换或结果的连系动词: become, get, grow, turn, go ,come, The song sounds beautiful. The weather is becoming warmer and warmer. 助动词：是帮助实义动词完成某些语法功能的动词。助动词本身没有实义，不能单独作谓语，主要有be, do, have(has,had). I am a worker. Do you have a sister? 助动词的特征及用法 助动词 功能 举例 Be(am, is , are, was,were) 构成进行时 构成系表结构 Have(has,had) 构成完成时态 Do(did,does) 构成疑问句、否定句 加强语气 替代主要动词 情态动词：表示说话人对某一动作或者状态的态度。情态动词词义不完全，不能够单独作谓语，只能与动词原形一起构成谓语。小学阶段常见情态动词有can,must, need, will, may, could. Can you swim across the river? I must go to school be 7 o’clock or I’ll be late. 动词的几种基本形式 动词原形:无变化 第三人称单数现在时（与第三人称单数的形式构成和名词复数构成法相似） 情况 变法 举例 一般情况 -s,-x,ch-,sh,-o结尾 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 过去式和过去分词 规则变化 情况 变法 举例 一般情况 以不发音字母e结尾 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词 不规则变化 现在分词 情况 变法 举例 一般情况 以不发音字母e结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 以ie结尾 TEST Choose Everything ______________fast in spring. Begin B. grows C. grew D. began She ________at five yesterday morning. Gets up b. went up C. got up D. was getting up —What are you doing? ---I’m ___________a storybook. Reading B. reads C. seeing D. read Everyone _________ here . Let’s begin our class. Are B. is C. was D. be Did you ___________the apple, Lucy? Eat B. ate C. eats D. eating “____________you ready?” the teacher asks. Can B. will C. shall D. are I__________ fifteen next week. Am B. was C. were D. will be