当代研究生英语课后close 和课后部分翻译.docVIP

第一单元 There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some be more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the lever of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrate by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Johen. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolate community with poor educational opportunity. John, however, was educated in home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, When they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. 第二单元 Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in some interesting discoveries. Scientists believe that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible. Scientists have discovered that brain can make its own drugs. The brain contains a protein substance which can act directly on the brain to change aspects of mental activity. Some may change or improve, for example, creativity, intelligence, imagination, and good memory. Chemicals found in the brain carry message. In recent years scientists have found that chemicals that affect mood, memory and other happenings of the mind. About 25 have been found so far. Today the role of chemicals and protein sub