(完整)初中现在完成时讲解以及练习题.doc

暑期学习一：现在完成时讲解 （ 2）用法： 1） 在完成 通常表示在 已 完成的 作 或持 一段的 状 状 。 人 的 是 作或状 在的 果或影响 。 （ 1）构成： 在完成 由助 have + 去分 构成。 第三人称 数用 has，其余用 have. 在完成 的否定式直接在助 后面加上 not、疑 式是把助 提到主 之前 否定式 疑 式 I have not (haven ’ t) studied ?. Have I studied ?? You have not (haven ’ t) studied ?. Have you studied ?? He has not (hasn ’ t) studied ?. Has he studied ?? 否定疑 式 回答（肯定 /否定） Have I not (Haven ’ t I) studied ?? Yes, you have. No, you haven ’ t. Have you not (Haven ’ t you) studied ?? Yes, I have. No, I haven ’ t. Has he not (Hasn ’ t he) studied ?? Yes, he has. No, he hasn ’ t. My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿 出去。 I ’ m sure we ’ ve met before我肯.定我 以前 面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持 到 在的 作或状 ，往往和包括 在在内的表示一段 的状 用，如 already, just, for ?, since ?,yet等。如： I haven ’ t heard from her these days. 些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven ’ t seen you recently.最近我 没有 到你。 They have been away for two years. 他 离开已 两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： since 和 for 的区 since 后接 点，如 1993， last term, yesterday, the time I got there for 后接一段 ，表示 “ 达多久 ”，如 ten years, a while, two days 等。 Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空 Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. India has been an independent country ______1974. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. （ 2）现在完成时可以和带有 since 或 for 等表示 “一段时间 ”的状语连用 ,表示 动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。 如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像 come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示 “一段时间 ”的状语连用。要用，必须改为 “be（在） ”等延续性动词来表述现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrive → be here begin(start) → be on die → be dead come back → be back get up → be up open → be open borrow → keep buy → have 如： He has been a soldier for three years他.参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years他.父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minut