唐XX怛逻斯战役之败与中国文明的传播.docVIP

唐XX怛逻斯战役之败与中国文明的传播 　　 　　公元751年，怛逻斯战役在唐王朝与阿拉伯帝国阿拔斯王朝之间暴发，结果唐军战败。此役的起因是西域石国“无蕃臣礼”，以及唐安西节度使高仙芝的过度用武,故石国向阿拔斯王朝求援。唐军失败的主要原因在于边疆军事失策，而其主帅的轻敌则是导致失败的直接原因。这次战役的失利使得唐王朝在西域呈现退却之势，加上相距不久安史之乱暴发，于是唐王朝在西域的经营被阿拉伯帝国取代，而西域各国也逐渐开始走上 ___化的历程。但是，怛逻斯战役促进了中国文明尤其是造纸术的向外传播。 　　 　　 　　关键词：怛逻斯战役，唐朝，阿拉伯帝国，中国文明，传播 　　 　　 　the defeat of tang dynasty in the battle of talas river and the transfer of chinese civilizations (英文摘要) 　　 　　 　　the battle of talas river broke out between the troops of tang dynasty and arab empire (abbasside) in 751, ad. it resulted in the defeat of the troops of tang dynasty. the causes of the battle were of that shi guo, a temporal vassal state of tang dynasty in the western regions, dishonored it, and that kao hsien-chih, chief mander of anxi of tang dynasty, resorted to sabre-rattle in response to its arrogance. so shi guo asked arab empire for help. the defeat of the troops of tang dynasty was mainly because of its impertinent military policy, and directly because of chief manders underestimating the enemies. from then on, tang dynasty began to draw back from the western regions duo to the defeat. additionally, an lushan rebellion took place before long, so arab empire deprived tang dynasty of powers in the western regions and the states there gradually turned to islam. but the battle led to the westward transfer of chinese civilizations, especially the technique of paper manufacturing, as an unexpected byproduct from it. 　　 　　 keywords: battle of talas river, tang dynasty, arab empire, chinese civilization, transfer 　　 　　 　　怛逻斯战役 　　 　　 　　公元751年（唐玄宗天宝十年）怛逻斯战役暴发，这场战争的地点在现在的 ___斯坦塔拉兹（taraz；曾用名：江布尔，zhambyl或djambul）市附近。 　　 　　 　　怛逻斯战役的起因是西域藩国石国“无蕃臣礼”[1]，唐安西节度使高仙芝领兵征讨，石国请求投降，高仙芝假意允诺和好；但是不久高仙芝即违背承诺，攻占并血洗石国城池，捋走男丁，格杀老人、妇女和儿童，搜取财物，而且俘虏石国国王并献于阙下斩首。侥幸逃脱的石国王子遂向大食（阿拉伯帝国）的阿拔斯王朝（中国史书称之为“黑衣大食”）求救。 　　 　　 　　有消息说大食援军计划袭击唐朝西域四镇，高仙芝的反应是采取先发制人之策，主动进攻大食。鉴于当时唐帝国在西域的影响，有许多葛逻禄及拔汗那国的军卒参加大唐的军队，组成的大唐联军有三万多人（另有说法为七万人，可信度不高——笔者注），其中唐兵占2/3。高仙芝率领大唐联军长途奔袭，深入七百余里，最后在怛逻斯与大食军队遭遇。于是，一场历史上著名的战