城市气象学课件：07_2城市雾_雨.ppt

In summary, there is considerable evidence indicating that the St. Louis urban area enhances rainfall and possibly the occurrence of severe weather. The actual physical processes responsible for those effects, however, have not been fully identified. Both the glaciation mechanism and urban heat-island-induced mesoscale changes are leading contenders. Further observational and modeling studies are required to identify the actual causal mechanisms. One may ask: is it really necessary to identify the actual mechanisms responsible for an urban precipitation anomaly? Can’t we be satisfied that the rainfall analysis shows a strong rainfall anomaly downwind of the urban area? The answer is clearly no! For one thing we cannot be sure that the statistical analysis of the rainfall records did not produce an urban “signal” purely by chance. Another reason for establishing a cause and effect is that St. Louis, like many major urban areas, is situated in a river valley. A third reason for isolating the causes of the urban precipitation anomaly is that it may become necessary to reduce the rain anomaly and enhanced severe weather occurrences. Without a clear identification of the causal factors, one cannot decide if reductions in emission of gases and aerosols contributing to CCN, or alterations in land-use patterning, is required to reduce the anomaly. At this time it has not been determined how strong the influence of gases and aerosol emissions are on precipitation relative to land-use changes. Urbanization Signatures in Strong vs. Weak Precipitation over the Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Regions of China Weibiao LI1*, Sheng CHEN1, Guixing CHEN2, Weimin SHA2, Cong LUO3, Yerong FENG3, Zhiping WEN1 and Baomin WANG1 1 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China 2 Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 3 Guangzhou Central Meteorological observatory, Guangzhou, 510080, China Environ. Res.