中考英语定语从句讲解.docxVIP

定语从句 请看下面的句子： I want to know the boy who is the tallest. 句子做定语修饰 boy （一）概念 : 定语从句： 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子， 叫定语从句。 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 （二） 定语从句的分类 Ⅰ、限定性定语从句： 从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。 e.g:This is the book that/which I want. Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句： 是对先行词的补充说明， 没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。 e.g:Mr. Green ， who is watching TV ， is my uncle. （三） ( 限定性 ) 定语从句的结构 Mary is a girl who has long hair. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 关系代词 关系副词 which, who, whom, whose, that where, when, why （四）定语从句的实质：二句合一 （合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地） Mary is a girl . 合并为一个句子 She has long hair. 思路：留（保留先行词） ----- 舍（舍去与先行词互指的词） ---- 替（用关系词代替舍去部 分） Mary is a girl who/that has long hair. 请把下列句子二句合一 1. I saw the man. He closed the door 2.The girl is happy. She won the race 3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen （五） 定语从句关系词的确定 : 先行词的分类 先行词在从句中充当的成分 1. 先行词做主语 人： who/that 物： which/that 2. 先行词做宾语 人： who/whom/that 物： which/that 3. 先行词做定语 人： whose 物： whose/of which 4. 先行词做状语： when, wher e, why who, whom, whose, that 用法区别 . who /that 作定语从句的主语或宾语 . The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. 做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并 分解 The man is a worker. The man is speaking at the meeting. 作主语 Whom /that 作定语从句的宾语 The woman （ whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher. 分解 The woman is a teacher. They wanted to visit the woman. 作宾语 注意 : 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略 . whose 作定语从句的定语 . I know the girl whose mother is a teacher. 分解 I know the girl. The girl  ’s mother is a teacher. 作定语 小结： 关系词判断步骤 首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人 , 关系词可能就用 如果先行词指物 , 关系词可能用 which 或 that 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表 先行词 主语 宾语 人 who, that who(m), that 物 which, which, that that  who,  that whom, whose。 定语 whose whose, of which 巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空 I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player. （六）只能用  that,  不能用  which  的情况： (1) 先行词为  all,  everything  ， anything  ， nothing,  something,  nothing  ,few,  little, much