机械的工程的专业英语施平没翻译课文补充.docxVIP

4、工程机械概述 As we look around us we see a world full of “things ”: machines, devices, tools; things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, look better, or are easier to use. 正如我们环顾四周  我们看到世界的“东西”  机器全  设备  工具 ; 事情  我们已经设 计 建造和使用  ; 木材  金属  陶瓷制成的东西  和塑料。我们从经验知道  有些事情是比 别人做得更好 他们去年更长 成本更低 更安静 看起来更好 或者更容易使用。 理想的 情况 . Ideally, however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements  ” as perceived by the designers  — that is, it has been designed so as to answer the question, “Exactly In the world of engineering, the major function  what function frequently is to  should it perform ” support some type of loading due to weight, inertia, pressure, etc. 但是  每个这样的项目已按设计一些“功能要求  ”由设计者认为  也就是说  它的设 计 以回答这个问题  “究竟是什么职能应是执行  在工程世界”  频繁的主要功能是如此 的 支持  由于一些装载重量  惯性  压力式 From the beams in our homes to the wings of an airplane, there must be an appropriate melding of materials, dimensions, and fastenings to that will perform their functions reliably for a reasonable cost  produce over a  structures reasonable lifetime. 从我们家中的光束 飞机的一个机翼等 必须对产品的材料 尺寸适当的融合 和紧固 件生产结构 将执行一个较合理的成本合理的一生中其职能可靠。 In practice, engineering mechanics methods are used in two quite different ways: (1) The development of any new device requires an interactive, iterative consideration of form, size, materials, loads, durability, safety, and cost. (2) When a device fails (unexpectedly) it is often necessary to carry out a study to pinpoint the cause of failure and to identify potential corrective measures. Our best designs often evolve through a successive elimination of weak points. 在实践中 工程力学方法用于在两个完全不同的方式 1. 任何新设备的发展需要一个互动 形式 尺寸 材料 载荷 耐久性 安全性和 cost. 2. 迭代审议。当一个设备出现故障 往往是要进行一项研究 以查明故障原因 并找出 潜在的纠正措施。我们最优秀的设计往往演变的薄弱环节 通过逐步消除。 To many engineers, both of the above processes can prove to be absolut