4.3 British English vs. American English1外国文学名著导读.pdf

Chapter Four 4.3 British English vs. American English Part 1 Pronunciation 1. Phoneme Inventory Standard British and American English have similar consonants, but somewhat different vowels. RP GA (1) /ɪə, eə , ʊə/ /ɪr, er, ʊr/ pier, pair, poor (2) /ɒ/ /ɑ/ clock, pot, bomb Pronunciation 2. Phonetic RP GA (1) /r/ constricted continuant [r] retroflex [r] rich, rat, rain (2) /oʊ/ [əʊ] [oʊ]/[o:] go, home, slow, road (3) /ɜ :/ [ɜ:] [ɜ:r] bird, first, word Pronunciation 3. Phonotactic /r/ : RP GA ‘Non-rhotic’ ‘Rhotic’ star [stɑ:] star [stɑ:r] park [pɑ:k] park [pɑ:rk] Pronunciation 4. Lexical (1) vase RP: [vɑ:z] GA: [veɪz] (2) tomato RP: [tǝ’mɑ:təʊ] GA: [tǝ’meɪtoʊ] (3) schedule RP: [ʃedju :l] GA: [skedƷu:l] (4) clerk RP: [klɑ:k] GA: [klǝ:rk]; [klɚk] (5) leisure RP: [’leƷǝ] GA:[’li:Ʒǝr]; [’li:Ʒɚ] (6) lieutenant RP: [lef’tenǝnt] GA: [lu:’tenǝnt] Pronunciation 5. Patterns Affecting Sets of Words • RP: /ɑ:/ GA: /æ/ E.g. bath, pass, after, path, dance, example • RP: /ʌ/ GA: /ɜ:/ E.g. hurry, worry, courage, curry, nourish