10.2 How to use Punctuation Properly英国文学导读.pdf

Writing Format 10.1 How to Use Punctuations Properly 1. Comma(,) ●To separate items in a series ●To set off introductory material in a sentence. ●Comma can be placed on both sides of words or expressions that interrupt the flow of thought in a sentence. ●Comma can be used between two complete thoughts connected by “and, but, for, or, so, etc.” ●Comma can be used to set off a direct quotation from the rest of a sentence ●Some other Uses for Comma can be  when addressing someone directly.  after the salutation (opening) and closing of a friendly and a formal letter. 2. Apostrophe (’) ●to show the omission of one or more letters in a contraction. ●to show ownership or possession ●for inanimate reference ●Apostrophes are also used in other situations such as:  dot your i’s and cross your t’s;  the what’s and the how’s;  The staff includes a dozen Ph.D.’s and four M.D.’s  YET: Shakespeare once wrote, “But me no buts.” 3. Quotation marks (“ ”) ●to indicate the exact words of the quoted speaker/writer; ●when referring to the titles of short works within an essay, we also use quotation marks. While titles of long works, such as books, newspapers, magazines, plays, movies and CDs, are underlined (if written in hand) or italicized (if written on a computer). Remember: Never use the Chinese bookmarks 《》 for the titles of long works. ●to set off special words or phrases from the rest of a sentence ●to mark off a quotation within a quotation 4. Colon (:)  is used at the end of a complete statement to introduce a list, a long quotation, or an explanation. 5. Semicolon (;) Semicolon marks a break between two complete thoughts or to mark off items in a series when the items themselves contain internal punctuation (such as