你好中文 语法点L10P2.pdf

语法点 Grammar points 1. 兼语句 Pivotal Sentence 兼语句中的谓语由一个动宾短语和一个主谓短语共同组成。动宾短语中的宾 语同时兼做后者的主语。动宾短语中的动词多是使令动词，如“请、让、叫”。 This pattern is formed by a verb-object phrase and a subject-predicate phrase, in which the object of the first phrase is the subject of the latter one at the same time. Normally, the verbs in verb-object phrases are causative verbs, such as ‘Qǐng (invite), Ràng (ask), Jiào (ask)’. 句式结构：主语+请/让/ 叫+宾语+动词短语 Sentence structure: Sub.+ qǐng/rang/ jiào + Object + Verb phrase 比如： For example: Tā qǐng Mǎkè lái cānjiā tā de shēngrì jùhuì. 他请马克来参加他的生日聚会。 He invited Mark to join his birthday party. Lǎoshī ràng wǒ xiàkè hòu qù bàngōngshì. 老师让我下课后去办公室。 Teacher asked me to go to the office after class. Lǐ Jiā jiào wǒ qù jiǎn tóufa. 李佳叫我去剪头发。 Li Jia asked me to have a haircut. 2. “就”与“才” ‘Jiù’ and ‘Cái’ 通常“就”强调动作行为发生得早，事情容易做或者进行得顺利。“才”则强 调动作行为发生得晚或慢，事情不容易做或进行得不顺利。 ‘Jiù’ is generally used to indicate ‘early’ while ‘Cái’ expresses ‘late’. ‘Jiù’ indicates that something is easy to complete, but ‘Cái’ means something is hard to achieve. 当“就”置于动词前时，意为动作发生的时间早于预计时间，或者花费了更 少的时间。这时，常在动词后加“了”。 When ‘Jiù’ is placed before the verb, it means that the action was taken earlier (or spent less time) than expected. In this case, ‘le’ is used after the verb. 当“才”置于动词前时，意为动作发生的时间晚于预计时间，或者花费了更 多的时间。动词后不加“了”。 When ‘Cái’ is placed before the verb, it means that the action was taken later (or spent more time) than expected. In this case, no ‘le’ is used after the verb. 句式结构：主语+时间+就+动词（+ 了） 主语+时间+才+动词 Sentence Structure: Sub. + time + Jiù + v. (+le) Sub. + time + Cái + v. 比如： For example: Tā qī diǎn jiù lái jiāosh ì le. 他七点就来教室了。 He arrived at the classroom at 7 o’ clock (which is earlier than expected). Tā shí diǎn cái huí jiā . 她十点才回家。 She got home at 10:00pm (which is la