英语词汇构成法.pptVIP

Word Formation‖l  Compounding Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. Words formed in this way are called compounds So, a compound is alexical unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word  Compe ounding Silkworm and honey-bee are compounds so are tear gas and easy chair. These examples show that compounds can be written solid(silkworm), hyphenated (honey-bee) and open (tear gas and easy chair As open compounds are the same in form as free phrases, what is the dividing line between them?  Compounds VS Free Phrases Open Compounds differ from free phrases mainly in the following three aspects 1. Phonetic features In compounds, the word stress usually occurs on the first element. whereas in noun phrases the second element is generally stressed if there is only one stress E.g. a fat head, a hot house, a dark horse, a green room  Compounds vs Free Phrases 2. Semantic features Compounds are different from free phrases in semantic unity. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word For instance, a green hand is an inexperienced person,, not a hand that is green in colour; red meat refers to beet or lambrather than any meat that is red in color; hot dog is by no means a dog that is hot, but a typical American sausage in between two pieces of bread. The meanings of such examples cannot easily inferred from the two components of the compounds.  Compounds vs Free Phrases 2. Semantic features Nevertheless, a lot of compounds are transparent, that is, the meaning can be interred from the separate elements of compounds, such as flower pot, washing machine. dumb show, scarlet fever. But the two elements are inseparable and the change of the element would result in the loss of the original identity  Compounds vs Free Phrase 3. Grammatical features In adjective-noun compounds, the adjective e