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Reinforced Plastics MFG 355 Composites Metals are isometric materials Composites can cut weight by not being isometric and still maintain the strength in the desired directions Composites are, by definition, solid materials composed of more than one substance in more than one phase Composites Processes Thermoplastic processes –Very short fibers Matched die/compression molding RTM Spray-up Hand lay-up for wet and prepreg materials Filament winding and fiber placement Pultrusion Advanced Composites Long (continuous) fibers Very high performance reinforcements Carbon and aramid Resins are also very high performance Typically aerospace applications Engineering Composites Shorter fibers/fiberglass Lower mechanical properties (stiffness) Lower performance resins Matrix Materials Resins Both thermosets and thermoplastics can be used Short fibers are generally used in thermoplastics Long fibers are generally used with thermosets Matrix Materials Short fiber composites Less than 0.2 inches (whiskers) Processed through standard thermoplastic processes Must pass through gates, runners, and gap between processing screw and barrel walls Thermoplastics generally benefit greatly from even the short reinforcement materials Matrix Materials – FRP Intermediate length fiber reinforcement The longer the fibers, the more difficult it is to coat the fibers enough to reap strength benefits Low viscosity thermosets “wet-out” the materials better than high viscosity thermoplastics Generally use unsaturated polyester and vinylester resins for FRP Matrix Materials – Advanced Very long fibers or continuous fibers Typically used with thermosets, also for “wet-out” reasons Used generally in advanced composite parts and have greater material property requirements Generally use epoxy resins Reinforcements Three main types of fibers Fiberglass Carbon fiber or Graphite Organic fibers, aramids (kevlar) Fiberglass Spin molten glass Different types of glass can be made E-glass (improved electrical res
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