语音语法讲义51.docVIP

语音语法讲义51 三、主语对谓语一致的要求 1.由and 或both...and 连接两个单数名词做主语时， 一般用复数谓语。 例如：Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery. 但请注意以下情况： (1)??? 用and连接的并列主语，指同一人，同一物，同一事或 同一概念时，用单数谓语。例如： Bread and butter is my usual breakfast. His warmest admirer and severest critic was his wife. (主语指同一人) Whisky and soda is always his favourite drink. (主语指同一物) War and peace is a constant theme in history. (主语指同一概念) The wheel and axle is a rotating lever. 轮子和轴是转动的杠杆。 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只知用功不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。 (2)??? and连接的两个单数名词前，若都有each, every, many a, (3)??? no等修饰，做主语时用单数谓语。例如：Many a student and many a teacher in that school has seen that film. Each man and each woman is asked to help. (4)??? 由“and连接的修饰语+单数名词”做主语时， 随and后定冠词有或无，确定用单数或复数谓语。例如： The bread and the butter are on sale.(面包和黄油) The bread and butter is always my favourite eating. (涂黄油的面包) 1.??????? 由or(或)，either...or...(或者……或者……)， neither...nor...(既不……也不……)，nor(也不)等连接 两个主语时，谓语动词与毗邻的并列成分保持数的一致。 例如： Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else was awarded the prize. 四、“名词+某些词组”作主语，谓语的单复数只与前面的 名词保持一致. 引导这些词组的连词或介词有：as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than (和……一样)， with, along with, including, together with, in addition to, except, but, besides, like等。例如： Their mother as well as they is very kind to me. Man, no less than the lower forms of life, is the product of the evolutionary process.  Mrs. Stevens, along with her cousins, is planning to attend the party. 五、当表示“全体”、“部分”、“许多”、“种类”的量词或代词构成 的词组做主语时，有以下几种情况： 1.??????? 以“all/some/any/none/most/half/the rest/the remainder/ plenty+of+名词”做主语时，谓语的单复数根据句子含义来定。 一般情况根据of后的名词是可数名词或是不可数名词判断。 例如： Half of our task was done.我们的任务已有一半完成了。 Half of the apples were bad.苹果一半是坏了的。 The rest needs no telling.其余用不着说了。 Three of us will go; the rest are staying at home. 我们有三个人去，其余留在家里。 There are plenty of natural resources to be explored. 大量的自然资源有待勘察。 Plenty of sugar is already here.这里已放好了许多糖。 Most of the houses in this town are new. 这个镇上的大多数房子是新的。