英语国家概况精讲系列(十三).pdfVIP

英语国家概况精讲系列（十三） I. Trade Unions and the Labour Party 工会和工党 1. The Trade Union Act of 1871 legalized the trade unions and gave financial security. 1871 年通过的《工会法》使工会合法化并给其财政保障。 2. The Labor Party had its origin in the Independent Labor Party(ILP), which was formed in January, 1893. In 1900, representatives of trade unions, the ILP, and a number of small socialist societies set up the Labor Representation Committee (LRC). The LRCchanged its nameto the Labor Party for the general election called for in 1906. 工党起源于独立工党，于 1893 年 1 月成立。 1900 年，工会代表，独立工党和许多小型社会 主义社团一起成立了工人代表委员会。 1906 年的大选迫使工人代表委员会及时更名为工党。 II. Colonial Expansion 殖民扩张 1. The growth of dominions 自治领的兴起 English colonial expansion began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583. Encouraged by Britains control of the seas, especially by the rising tide of emigration, British colonialists stepped up their expansion to Canada, Australia, and NewZealand, in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries. By 1900, Britain had built up a big empire, on which the sun never set. It consisted of a vast number of protectorates, Crown colonies, spheres of influence, and self-governing dominions. It included 25% of the worlds population and area. 英国殖民扩张开始于 1583 年纽芬兰的殖民化。在 18 世纪末、 19 世纪初，受到海外移民浪潮 的鼓舞， 英国殖民者很快加他们的扩张到加拿大、 澳大利亚、 新西兰。 到 1900 年英国已建立 了 日不落 的大英帝国，包括受保护国、英国殖民地、势力范围和自治领，占世界人口与面 积的 25%。 Canada was ceded to Britain by the 1763 Treaty of Paris. French rights were guaranteed by the Quebec Act of 1774. The Canada Act of 1791 divided Canada into Upper Canada where the British had settled, and Lower Canada populated by the French. The British North America Act of 1867 established Canada as a dominion. 1763 年签订的 《巴黎条约》将加拿大割让给英国。 1774 年的 《魁北克法》保证了法国的权益。 之后， 1791 年《加拿大法》把加拿大分为上加拿大和下加拿大，前者是英国人的定居地，后 者是法国人的居住点