哈工大信息光学Chapter6-3.docxVIP

幻 灯 Chapter 6 Frequency Analysis of Optical Image Systems Weimin Sun College of Science Harbin Engineering University 幻 灯 片 2 幻 灯 片 3 幻 灯 片 4  Deform：使变形 Aberrations and their effects on frequency response When wavefront errors exist, we can imagine that the exit pupil is illuminated by a perfect spherical wave, but a phase-shifting plate exists in the aperture, thus deforming the wavefront that leaves the pupil. If the phase error at the point (x,y) is represented by kW(x,y), where k=2p/l and W is an effective path-length error, then the complex amplitude transmittance P(x,y) of the imaginary phase-shifting plate is given by P (x, y) = P(x, y)e j k W ( x , y) Overlap：交叠 (x, y) = P(x, y)e jkW ( x , y ) A 2p h(u,v) = lz ò ò lz H ( fX , fY ) = P (lzi fX , lzi fY ) = P(lzi fX,lzifY)ejkW(lzf,lzf) òòdxdy Where A(fX,fY) is the area of H ( fX , fY ) = A ( f X , fY ) overlap two shifted apeture òòdxdy (0 ,0) òòe jk [W ( x+ lzi f X ,y + lzi f Y ) -W ( x- lzi f X ,y - lzi fY dxdy 2 2 2 2 H ( f X , fY ) = A ( f , f ) òòdxdy (0 ,0) Severe ：严格的，严重的 Portion：一部分 Influence of the aberrations The aberrations will never increase the MTF (the modulus of the OTF). Thus aberrations can ’tincrease the contrast of any spatial-frequency component of the image, and in general will lower the contrast. The absolute cutoff frequency remains unchanged, but severe aberrations can reduce the high - frequency portions of the OTF to such an extent that the effective cutoff is much lower than the diffraction-limited cutoff. 幻 灯 片 5  Negative OTF In addition, aberrations can cause the OTF o have negative values in certain bands of frequency, a result that never occurs for an aberration-free system. When the OTF is negative, image components at that frequency undergo a contrast reversal; i.e. intensity peaks become intensity nulls, and vice versa.  Null:零 vice versa：反之亦然 Undergo：经历 幻 灯 片 6  Example of a simple aberrations: a focusing error A square aperture is considered n For a on -axis poi