Lecture15 风的地质作用与沙漠.pdfVIP

Chapter 15 The Work of Wind and Deserts 风的地质作用与沙漠 Outline • Sediment transport by wind • Wind erosion • Wind deposits • Air-pressure belts and global wind patterns • The distribution of deserts • Characteristics of deserts • Desert landforms • Windmills and wind power Introduction – Wind is an effective agent of erosion and transportation in desert regions – Wind also moves loose sediment in a variety of other environments – Desertification is the expansion of deserts into formerly productive lands Sediment Transport by Wind • Sediment is transported by wind either through bed load or suspended load Bed load 底质输移 - Bed load is the material that is too large or heavy to be carried in suspension by water or wind. Particles are moved along the surface by saltation, rolling, or sliding. Sediment Transport by Wind • Suspended load 悬浮搬运 - material that can be carried in suspension by water or wind. - Suspended load is composed of silt- and clay-sized particles Wind Erosion – Material is eroded by wind either through abrasion 磨蚀or deflation 吹扬. • Abrasion – Abrasion is the impact of saltating sand grains on an object. Its effect is similar to sandblasting 喷砂作用. – Ventifacts风棱石are a common artifact of abrasion. Ventifacts Yardang 风蚀土脊 Aeolian mushroom 风蚀蘑菇 Wind Erosion • Deflation – The removal of loose surface material by wind. – Desert pavement 沙漠砾石覆 盖层and deflation hollows 风 蚀洼地are common features of deserts resulting from differential erosion by deflation. – The formation of desert pavement prevents further