Supply C hain Management Basics精品管理文档.ppt

Basics of Supply Chain Management Definitions What Is the Supply Chain? Also referred to as the logistics network Suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, distribution centers and retail outlets – “facilities” and the Raw materials Work-in-process (WIP) inventory Finished products that flow between the facilities The Supply Chain The Supply Chain – Another View What Is Supply Chain Management (SCM)? A set of approaches used to efficiently integrate Suppliers Manufacturers Warehouses Distribution centers So that the product is produced and distributed In the right quantities To the right locations And at the right time System-wide costs are minimized and Service level requirements are satisfied History of Supply Chain Management 1960’s - Inventory Management Focus, Cost Control 1970’s - MRP BOM - Operations Planning 1980’s - MRPII, JIT - Materials Management, Logistics 1990’s - SCM - ERP - “Integrated” Purchasing, Financials, Manufacturing, Order Entry 2000’s - Optimized “Value Network” with Real-Time Decision Support; Synchronized Collaborative Extended Network Why Is SCM Difficult? Uncertainty is inherent to every supply chain Travel times Breakdowns of machines and vehicles Weather, natural catastrophe, war Local politics, labor conditions, border issues The complexity of the problem to globally optimize a supply chain is significant Minimize internal costs Minimize uncertainty Deal with remaining uncertainty The Importance of Supply Chain Management Dealing with uncertain environments – matching supply and demand Boeing announced a $2.6 billion write-off in 1997 due to “raw materials shortages, internal and supplier parts shortages and productivity inefficiencies” U.S Surgical Corporation announced a $22 million loss in 1993 due to “larger than anticipated inventories on the shelves of hospitals” IBM sold out its supply of its new Aptiva PC in 1994 costing it millions in potential revenue Hewlett-Packard and Dell found it difficult to obtain important c