定语从 句 精品管理文档.ppt

Contents 引导定语从句的词就叫做关系词。根据关系词的用法不同，关系词又分关系代词和关系副词，其中关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but等，关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词既起连接先行词与定语从句的作用，又做从句中的某个句子成分。 This is the book that my father bought me yesterday. 这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。 句中修饰 the book 的 that my father bought me yesterday 就是定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的the book这是先行词；代表the book的关系代词that在定语从句中作bought的直接宾语。 The time when he arrives is not known. 他到达的时间还不知道。 句中when he arrives是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的the time是先行词，关系副词when作时间状语。 关系代词的一般用法 先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。 This is the man who helped me yesterday. 这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。(作主语) The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. 你要见的老师来了。see的宾语，可省略 I met a boy whose father was a astronaut. 我认识一位男孩，他的父亲是宇航员。(作定语) Here is the coat which/that will be made to you. 这是一件做给你的衣服。（作主语） This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. 这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。(作visited的宾语，可以省略) He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful. 他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。 习惯上要用that引导的定语从句 (1)先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, none, anything, everything, nothing, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。 All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了 He will tell you everything that he heard about it. 他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。 There is little work that is fit for you. 没什么工作适合你做。 I have eaten all the food that is left. 我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。 (2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very 等修饰时。 This is the first film that I have seen since I came here. 这是我到这里后所看的第一场电影。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. 这是用来防止污染的最好办法。 This is the very book that I am looking for. 这 正是我一直在寻找的那本书。 3)先行词包括人和物时 They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in. 他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。 (4)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。 Which is the house that caught fire last night? 昨晚失火的是那座房子？ Who is the lady that is playing the piano? 在弹钢琴的那位小姐是谁？ 习惯上不用that引导的定语从句 (1)在非限制性定语从句中