语用学第二章资料讲解.ppt

语用学第二章;Searle's speech Act;Searle's classification speech Act;Searle’s classification of speech acts;Representative;Commissives承诺;Directives指令;Declarations 宣告;Expressive表达;Exercise;Felicity conditions;Felicity conditions are the condition that must be satisfied if a speech act is to be performed appropriately,correctly ,felicitously and happily. There are several different types of preconditions for speech acts in everyday circumstance.;Searle’s classification of speech acts;Direction of fit;;实施言语行为的五大规则;General conditions 基本条件;Propositional content conditions命题内容条件;Preparatory conditions准备条件;Sincerity conditions诚意条件;Essential conditions根本条件;Conditions;Searle进一步把这几个条件归纳为: ;Indirect speech acts;”;”;”;”;”;”;Extended speech acts扩充的言语行为理论;The speech act scenario(言语行为脚本) is enacted by its two great heroes, S and H; ;”;S goes up to H and cuts loose with an acoustic （声音的）blast（爆破） ; if all goes well, if all the appropriate conditions are satisfied, if S's noise is inflused with intentionality(意向性), and if all kinds of rules come into play, the speech act is successful and nondefective ;“;Speech may occur in interally organized sequences(序列) that have a different status in the flow of the speaker 's action. ;Dominance 主宰方式;To describe the property embedded speech acts, Ferrara raised the notion of “relative appropriateness”(相对适应性)，as opposed to the type of appropriateness for either isolated or main speech acts ;Ferrara(1980:240-1)把从属言语行为在言语行为序列中所必须满足的条件称作使能条件, 并把言语行为在言语行为序列中的适宜性称作相关适宜性(relative appropriateness), 以别于单个言语行为或主导言语行为的适宜性。 在孤立的情况下,单个言语行为的适宜性并不能保证该言语行为在言语行为序列中的适宜性。 因此,从属言语行为的适宜性,不但取决于Searle的适宜条件, 更重要的是从属言语行为与主导言语行为之间建立某种连贯关系,如辩解、扩展、准备等,以便为成功地实施主导言语行为服务, 即提高主导言语行为的成功率,使说话者顺利地实现其言外意图;Speech acts sequence;”;”;”;Thank you!;此课件下载可自行编辑修改???仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢