应用能力 英语应用能力.ppt

Classroom Language Teaching and Learning in the Era of Technology Wang Haixiao Nanjing University Outline The “what”, “who” and “how” of language teaching and learning What is technology doing? What is missing? Classroom teaching design The “What” of Language Teaching and Learning What is to be taught and learned? 能力 应用能力 英语应用能力 综合英语应用能力 综合英语应用能力 Canale Swain (1980) Grammatical competence (语法能力) Discourse competence (语篇能力) Sociolinguistic competence (社会语言能力) Strategic competence (策略能力) 前两者反映对语言系统自身的运用，后两者与交际的功能有关。 Grammatical competence Knowledge of pronunciation and intonation Knowledge of words Knowledge of sentences Discourse competence Cohesion and coherence Paragraph organization Topic, development, conclusion Rhetorical organizations E.g., narration, description, comparison, classification, argumentation, etc. Conventions governing conversations Sociolinguistic competence How to do things with words To exchange information, to manipulate others, to imagine Sensitivity To differences in dialect and register, to naturalness, to cultural references, to figures of speech Strategic competence Verbal and non-verbal strategies to compensate for breakdowns in communication and to enhance the rhetorical effect of utterances Knowledge Structures Shared knowledge as prerequisite General knowledge Culture / subject specific knowledge Who Are Learning? Age Intelligence and aptitude 1) phonetic coding ability; 2) grammatical sensitivity; 3) inductive ability Personalities and learning Styles Attitudes and motivations Learning needs Learning Styles Concrete learning styles Analytical learning style Communicative learning style Authority-oriented learning style Field dependent vs. field independent Attitudes and Motivation Stern’s classification of attitudes Attitudes towards the community and people who speak the L2 Attitudes towards learning the language concerned Attitudes towards languages and language learning in general Gardner and Lambert: integrative and i