学术论文的语言表达.pdf

一．时态 ☆ 当提到本文、此图、此表等说明了、表达了什么时要用一般现在时，而不用一般过去时。 This paper describes …… The focus of this paper is …… Figure 1 shows …… Most of the common condensation polymers are listed in Table 1-1. 二．数 ☆ 在学术论文里，有是很难顾及数上的逻辑。但一般不将逻辑上的问题视为语法错误。只须注 意在一个句子中的数和谓语动词的统一即可。 单、复数的选用有一些非定性、但可供参考的趋向： ◆ 当含意上强调复数时建议用复数。 The catalyst concentrations for the different reactions are different. Our research focuses on the syntheses and characterizations of a series of polycarbonates with different chemical structures. The physical and chemical properties of this compound have been studied. The chain lengths of the oligomers with different molecular weights are different. 当含意上不强调复数时可用单数或复数。 Our research focuses on the synthesis of polycarbonates. The property of the compounds in group 1 is different from the property of the compounds in group 2. The chain length of the oligomers increases with increasing reaction time. ◆ 在标题、小标题中 或 描述一类事物、现象等时：当提到具体物质时常用复数。 2-1 Polyesters Polymers are macromolecules built up by large numbers of small molecules. The small molecules which combine with each other to form polymer molecules are termed monomers. 在标题、小标题中 或 描述一类事物、现象等时：当提到抽象概念时可用单数、也可用复数。 2-11 Step Copolymerization 2-12 Newer Types of Step Polymerizations This chapter will consider the characteristics of step polymerization in detail. ☆ 学术论文、有关学术的科普文章中的名词的可数或不可