《新编简明英语语言学教程》PPT课件[宣讲].ppt

Predication analysis 1)?The meaning of a sentence is not to be worked out by adding up all the meanings of its component words, e.g “The dog bites the man” is semantically different from “The man bites the dog” though their components are exactly the same. 2)?There are two aspects to sentence meaning: grammatical meaning and semantic meaning, e.g. *Green clouds are sleeping furiously. *Sincerity shook hands with the black apple. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called selectional restrictions. * 精品PPT | 实用可编辑 Predication analysis Predication analysis---- a way to analyze sentence meaning (British G. Leech). Predication----the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. A predication consists of argument(s) and predicate. An argument is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal elements in a sentence. A predicate is something said about an argument or it states the logical relation linking the arguments in a sentence. * 精品PPT | 实用可编辑 Predication analysis According to the number of arguments contained in a predication, we may classify the predications into the following types: One-place predication: smoke, grow, rise, run, … Two-place predication: like, love, save, bite, beat,… Three-place predication: give, sent, promise, call, … No-place predication: It is hot. * 精品PPT | 实用可编辑 Predication analysis Tom smokes. ? TOM (SMOKE) The tree grows well. ? TREE (GROW) The kids like apples. ? KIDS (LIKE) APPLE I sent him a letter. ? I (SEND) HIM LETTER * 精品PPT | 实用可编辑 Chapter 6 Pragmatics ---- the study of language in use or language communication; the study of the use of context to make inference about meaning. ---- the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. * 精品PPT | 实用可编辑 Some basic notions in Pragmatics Context Pragmatics vs. semantics Sentence meaning vs. utterance meaning Correctness vs. appropriateness * 精品PPT | 实用可编辑 Context Context---- a basic c