罗宾斯组织行为学中文12版与教材同步07.ppt

? 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 动机 : 从概念到应用 第 7 章 ? 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 工作设计理论 特征 : 1. 技能多样性 2. 任务完整性 3. 任务重要性 4. 工作自主性 5. 反馈 工作特征模型 提出了五个工作特征，以 及这些特征与个人和工作 结果的关系。 ? 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 工作设计理论 ? 工作特征模型 – 如果在一项工作中包含技能多样性、任务完整性、 任 务重要性这三种特性 , 并且工作绩效能够得到反馈，这将 直接影响到员工的三种心理状态： ? 了解自己的工作效果 ? 工作是有意义的 ? 感到自己对于结果负有责任 – 一项工作中所具备的这三种心理状态越多，则员工的积 极性、工作绩效、满意度就越高。 ? 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. Characteristics Examples Skill Variety ? High variety The owner-operator of a garage who does electrical repair, rebuilds engines, does body work, and interacts with customers ? Low variety A bodyshop worker who sprays paint eight hours a day Task Identity ? High identity A cabinetmaker who designs a piece of furniture, selects the wood, builds the object, and finishes it to perfection ? Low identity A worker in a furniture factory who operates a lathe to make table legs Task Significance ? High significance Nursing the sick in a hospital intensive care unit ? Low significance Sweeping hospital floors Autonomy ? High autonomy A telephone installer who schedules his or her own work for the day, and decides on the best techniques for a particular installation ? Low autonomy A telephone operator who must handle calls as they come according to a routine, highly specified procedure Feedback ? High feedback An electronics factory worker who assembles a radio and then tests it to determine if it operates properly ? Low feedback An electronics factory worker who assembles a radio and then routes it to a quality control inspector who tests and adjusts it Examples of High and Low Job Characteristics ? 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 工作特征模型 E X H I B I T 7 – 1 Source: J.R. Hackman and G.R. Oldham, Work Design (excerpted from pp. 78 – 80). ? 1980 by Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc. Reprinted by permission of Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc. ? 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 工作设计理论 技能多样性