云存储技术应用 文件系统相关知识 数据库与存储.pptVIP

第二章 操作系统与存储 数据库与存储 数据库与存储 -- 使用裸设备 因为使用裸设备避免了再经过操作系统这一层，数据直接从DBMS到Disk进行传输，所以使用裸设备对于读写频繁的数据库应用来说，可以极大地提高数据库系统的性能。 使用的是原始分区，没有采用文件系统的管理方式，对于Unix维护文件系统的开销也都没有了，比如不用再维护inode，空闲块等，这也能够导致性能的提高 一般数据库厂商会建议使用裸设备（字符设备），空间管理完全由数据库引擎进行管理，这样所有数据和日志直接写盘，当发生系统故障时，安全性较强，不至于丢失数据。 数据库自动存储管理 Oracle ASM 数据库不依赖于OS的文件系统和卷管理 数据库文件的地址映射 数据库自动存储管理的意义 不需要操作系统的映射与缓存，提高效率 在多个磁盘上自动分散空间使用和I/O负载 不需要手动进行存储配置优化 可以在线进行存储配置 谢谢 * * * * This is the most general system view of the storage components in an application system. The focus is the software, both application and operating system software responsible for presenting storage to an application. At the highest level is the database transforming a file system view of the storage into a relational view for the application. At the lowest level are the operating system drivers and system management interfaces responsible for interfacing with the hardware. The intermediate components, including the volume management and file system transform the storage into manageable units and present a file system interface to the storage. The lines of functionality are not always well defined. Sometimes essential functionality shifts across boundaries depending on the components. For example, essential data protection functionality such as mirroring are provided either at the hardware layer or at the volume management layer depending on the particular configuration. Understanding the shifting of functionality helps understand ASM’s architecture. ASM provides important benefits by redefining the functional layers in the storage stack. * The bytes in a ASM file are referred to as the virtual address space in ASM speak. ASM maps this virtual space into data extents corresponding to physical space on ASM Disks. ASM maintains extent maps representing the mapping from virtual address space to physical space. In ASM, mirroring happens at the virtual level. A virtual data extent is mapped onto 1 to 3 data extents depending on whether external protection or 1 or 2-way