高中英语复习 介词讲解.docVIP

介词讲解 介词概述 介词又称前置词，一般放在名词的前面。介词属于虚词，不能独自作为句子成分，必须与名词或代词等词类一起构成介词短语，才可以充当句子成分。 介词的分类 ·按其构成分，可分为以下几种形式： 种类 特点 例词 简单介词 即一个介词 about, at, by, under, of, over, past 复合介词 有两个介词组成一个介词或介词短语 as for, as to, out of, inside, into, outside, within, without, onto, throughout 双重介词 由一个单一介词相连而作为一个介词使用的介词，但没有复合介词那么固定 from among从…当中，from behind 从…之后， from beyond 从…之外， from under 从…之下 from within 从…之内， up to直到、轮到、胜任， until / till after 直到…之后 短语介词 由短语组成 in front of, because of, instead of , along with, up to, according to next to 分词介词 由动词-ing形式构成 concerning, including regarding ·按其词义分为下列常见的几种 基本用法 例 词 表示地点(包括动词) about, above, across, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, between, beyond, by, down, in, near, with… 表示时间 about, after, around, as, at, before, behind, between, during, from, in, into, of, on, cover, towards, under, up, upon, within… 表示除去 besides, but, except… 表示比较 as, like, above, over… 表示赞成和反对 with, against… 表示原因、目的 for, with, from… 表示结果 to, with, without… 表示手段、方式 by, in, with… 表示所属 of, with… 表示条件 on, without, considering… 表示让步 despite, in spite of, notwithstanding… 表示关于 about, concerning, regarding, with regard to, as for, as to… 表示对于 to, for, at, with… 表示根据 on, according to… 表示其他 for, without… 介词短语在句中的作用 ·作定语。例如： 1) A friend in need is a friend indeed. 2) The houses opposite ours are being pulled down. ·作状语。例如： 1) With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 2) Such an approach was unlikely to work given the current stricken state of both the auto industry and the economy as a whole. ·作表语，例如： 1) Japan is to the east of China. 2) He is always among the first to come to the school. ·作定语补足语 1) Make yourself at home. 2) We found her in better spirits. 介词后直接接形容词的情况 介词后接形容词通常加上being。例如： He was dismissed from his job for being absent-minded while working. 但在现在英语中，某些介词后可省略being直接接形容词。这种用法仅限于某些含介词的短语，通常比较固定，不能随便套用。例如： take … for granted Ex: I took it for granted that you would stay with us. far from +形容词 Ex: His e