高中英语必修三各单元精讲讲义(并词汇句型、语法专练及本册综合检测题) 人教课标版3.docVIP

人教版新课标必修 3 Unit 4全单元 精讲讲义 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Ⅰ. 要点导读 重点单词 1. This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. (P26) development n. “发展；发达；出现；显影；开发”；其相应的动词是develop，常用搭配develop … into…，“把……发展成为……”；其形容词形式有developed (发达的；高发展的)和developing (发展中的) eg: China is a developing country while America is a developed one. developed countries 发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家 2. Small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. (P26) spread vt vi. “展开；伸展；传播”，其过去式和过去分词都是spread，可用于表示具体的事物、消息、疾病等的传播；spread to“蔓延；传开”； spread over “蔓延；拖延”；spread out “铺开；展开”。 eg: In 20 years the city has spread quickly to the north. 3. He was very disappointed. (P28) disappointed adj. “失望的；失意的；受挫的”，可在句中作表语、定语或宾补。 be disappointed at / about“对……感到失望”；be disappointed with“因为……而失望”。 disappointed是由动词disappoint的过去分词形式演变而来，一般有被动意义。 eg: He was disappointed to hear they were not coming. disappointing adj.“令人失望的”，主语常是物或事，有时可用于最高级，如most disappointing，是由disappoint的现在分词演变过来的。可见ing形容词和ed形容词都是由其相应的动词转换而来的，这样的动词还有如amaze，bore，excite，exhaust， interest，satisfy，surprise，tire等。 eg: The disappointing news made us disappointed. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too,” I exclaimed. (P31) 经典短语 1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. (P25) in time“及时；来得及；赶得上；最终”，往往是用在刚刚赶上某事情的发生且再晚点就来不及的情况；on time“准时”，可以暗示做事情游刃有余。 eg: Will we be in time for the eight o’clock class? The train arrived right on time. 2. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. (P26) prevent… from “阻止；制止”。prevent后面跟名词或代词作宾语，在宾语后面可跟from doing sth，from可以省略。 eg: She closed the gate to prevent the dog from going out of the garden. 该短语的同义词组有stop … from doing和keep…from doing，三个短语意思一样，但prevent和stop可以省略from，keep后面不能省略from，如果省略了，意思就发生了变化。如： eg