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- 2020-12-20 发布于广东
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一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态
共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态
表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需
要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用 “被”、 “受”、 “给”等词
来表示被动意义。
如:He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)
The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由 “助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变
化只改变 be 的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种 ,现以动词 clean 为例列表说明:
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has /have been done 现在完成时
例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were
ready to start.
3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时
例 A new cinema is being built here .
4) was/were done 一般过去时
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5) had been done 过去完成时
word 完美格式 1
. .
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed
in Beijing.
6) was/were being done 过去进行时
例 A meeting was being held when I was there.
7) shall/will be done 一般将来时
例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) shall/will have been done 将来完成时
例 The project will have been completed before July.
2、被动语态的句式变化:
以一般现在时和动词 invite 为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:
3、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;
其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成, “be+过去分词”部分不变。
如:Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。(一
般过去时)
Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)
三、被动语态的用法:
1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
word 完美格式 2
. .
如:The bridge
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